The article describes the foundations of education theory based on the philosophic anthropological ideas of L.S. Vygotsky, more precisely, on his theory of search. The authors introduce the notion of an educational objective as a basic notion in anthropology and the pedagogy of self" determination: An educational objective prompts an overt action from a subject. In this connection, the authors develop the idea of practical thinking as the thinking that embodies a certain cultural historical practice. Considerable attention is paid to the notions of human potential, possibility and anthropopractice. In their conclusion, the authors offer a modern concept of the structure of the content of education from the viewpoint of the education objective.